Thursday, February 28, 2013

Scribe Per. 5 2/28/13

In class we went over grammar and started "Romeo and Juliet".'

During grammar we used the sentence "since when did we support that ridiculous charity" instead of "for whom did you write that awful poem".

In the play we got to the middle of act 1 scene 4.

Homework: CSAP Safari, grammar and quiz, writing conferences

Wednesday, February 27, 2013

Scribe period 5 2/27/2013

Hey everybody! As you know, today is a PLC day so we have a shortened period. Luckily that didn't affect our learning :). In class today we started off with an emotional talk about the way we as a class acted while the substitute was here. We highlighted our immature actions and the fact that we need to change our behavior. After that, we jumped into grammar.
Sentence 1- Has one independent clause and is a simple sentence. As a class we learned because of the two verbs in the sentence it is a “rocket ship”
Sentence 2-Has one independent clause and is a simple sentence. We also learned that the HV and the AV share a spot on the diagram line.
After grammar, we discussed our plan on how to read “Romeo and Juliet”.
  • When you come into class you also need to grab a novel along with your computer
  • We are acting out the play in front of the class (Don’t act too excited)
  • If you need help, use “No Fear Shakespeare” as a resource(Sparknotes)
  • If you have you own your own copy then you are encouraged to bring it
Also we went into depth about the rhyme scheme. (See below)
a
b
a
b
-
c
d
c
d
-
e
f
e
f
-
g
g

After the rhyme scheme we delved into the prologue at a very deep level. We discussed how Shakespeare set up the prologue to give us a more intense atmosphere. Also we unearthed the deeper message of Shakespeare, to watch, listen, and to learn. We had a very productive day.

2/27/13 Scribe for Period 3

Mrs. Smith returned today. She explained that she had been absent because of sickness in her family and congratulated us on the success of our poetry gala. We then did the grammar exercises.

Grammar:
prep.  n/op  h.v. prn.    av         adj.   adj.          n.
(since when) did we support that ridiculous charity     IC/SS
prep phrase          S     V                                  DO

After grammar, Mrs. Smith explained the next literature piece we will be Romeo and Juliet. All of the reading will be done in class. Mrs. Smith told the class the essential background of Shakespear’s writing. Books will be handed out in class, and a version of the play can be found online called “No Fear Shakespear” which accompanies the traditional text with a modern translation.

Shakespear Reading:

The reading included the prologue and an analysis of it. The play is set in Verona, Italy where two wealthy, prestigious families who have hated each other since ancient times take up a new set of feuds. Each of the families have children who are chosen by fate to fall in love. The play, explains the prologue, is about the lives and deaths of these children by suicide and its effect on the families.

Tuesday, February 26, 2013

Scribe for Period 3 2/26/13

Today in English class we had a substitute teacher again. We started the class with grammar practice.

Grammar:
     art.  coordinating art.
Art.       adj.        n   av prep.  n/op  conj. h.v.  part. prep.      n/op
The frightened cat ran (up a tree) but was rescued (by the fireman).
S     V   Prep. phrase prep. phrase

We then took a “Love Quiz” to prepare to read Romeo and Juliet. We had to write down whether we agreed or disagreed with a statement and explain why.

Questions:

1. Love means never having to say you are sorry.
2. Teenagers cannot experience “true” love.
3. No one is ever too young to fall in love.
4. It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.
5. Love at first sight is possible.
6. Love is blind.
7. Love never changes.
8. Physical attraction must precede true love.
9. If you’re really in love, physical appearance doesn’t matter.
10. You can’t expect a person to change his or her habits after marriage.
11. In love relationships, “opposites attract.”
12. If someone does not return your affection, the best thing to do is to keep trying to change his or her mind.
13. You have to work at love.
14. For the most part, being in love is a “pain in the neck.”
15. If you truly love someone, you will not be attracted to anyone else.

After completing and handing in the quiz, the class watched the introduction to Romeo and Juliet from several movies. The general setting for the play involves a feud between two families, the Capulets and the Montagues, in feudal Verona.

Homework:
the homework for today was to work on the CSAP packet and the writing conferences for the wikified research paper.

Scribe 02/25/13

Hello everybody!
On February 25, 2013 we had our Poetry Gala!
We all dressed up in fancy clothes and brought in food and decorations..Thank you to everyone who brought something in.
Mrs. Smith was not here so we had a sub.
Not much happened today..we skipped DOL to read our poetry aloud and that's all we did.
Have a great day!

Scribe 26/2/13 Per. 5

CSAP: Safari
DOL 15
Begin Romeo and Juliet - Love quiz
Check out books
Watch opening scenes



HW:CSAP, Writing conference, Bring letter writing materials

Scribe Period 3 February 25, 2013

Today we started out class by skipping the grammar lesson and moving straight into reading our poetry.  Many people brought refreshments, so thank you to them.  We read poetry all class.  Our homework for tonight is to do the CSAP packet and to make and attend writing conferences with Smith in the next few weeks.  If you want to check out some of the poems that were shared click here.  Have a great Monday!

Friday, February 22, 2013

Scribe 2/22/13 Period 5

After Smith went over the lesson plan for today, she told us about our poetry gala (or fancy poetry day). The gala will be on Monday. This is a formal event, and you MUST dress nice all day. If anyone asks why you are dressed up, tell them you are attending a formal literary event. Do not tell them more than that. Next, we turned in our grammar worksheets, CSAP packets, and photos, and took our grammar quiz. After the quiz, we chose a photograph for our photograph poem, and signed up to participate in the poetry gala. Finally, Smith gave us the rest of the period to work on our poems.



Don't forget to choose one of the five poems we have written to add to the "Poem to Share" post on the class blog! This poem is for the poetry gala.

Homework:

  • Art poem (add to google site)
  • Photograph poem
  • Poem to share
ALL POEMS ARE DUE BY MONDAY!

2-21-13 Scribe Period 3, David Merkel

Hello Everyone!

Today, in class, we covered lots of information regarding our poetry unit.

Our homework, due monday, includes the completion of the art poem. The art poem was based on a picture we selected on wednesday. The poem must be completed and can be free versed. For more information look at this. Also, post your poem on the google site.

Other homework includes the completion of 2 out of the 3  poems. The poems are

The persuasion poem-  Info

The Homonym poem- Info

The photograph poem- Info - Put your poem and picture onto the google site with your art poem

These must be completed by Monday. Be prepared to share one of your poems.

While presenting our poems, the class will participate in a Poetry Gala. The class will dress up in formal apparel, and bring decorations, food, and refreshments.

DJ- Alexandra


No cashews

Food                                                   Refreshments                         Plates/Utensils

Cookies-Grace                                   Sparkling Apple Cider- Lena    Plates- Lena
Brownies- Mollie                                 Lemonade- Elise                      Napkins- Haleigh
Food- Giovanna                                  Coca-Cola- Ethan                    Cups- Maddison
Cupcakes- Sophie                              Sprite- David                            Utensils- Erina
Pretzels- Bennet                                 Mountain Dew- Dean
Food- Alexandra                                 7-UP- Nicole
Donuts- Zack
Fruit Tray- Aspen
Oreos-Rachel





Decorations                                                                     Lighting
                                                                                        
Table Cloth-Aly                                                                 String of lights- Sarah



In class, we turned in our CSAP packet and the vocabulary sheet. We finished taking the grammar quiz and then received work time for the rest of the class.






Poem to Share

Photograph Poem

Looking at your photograph, write a poem from two different perspectives. Write a poem as the person in the picture. Tap into your methods of figurative language exploring what this character might think, say, touch, feel, smell, and sound like. Then, change direction. Be the outside observer viewing this person. Once again, tap into your methods of figurative language exploring what this character might think, say, touch, feel, smell, and sound like. Don't be afraid to try and use some of the poetic devices we have studied. Maybe the two characters meet- what happens in the exchange.

Thursday, February 21, 2013

21/2/13 Scribe Per. 5

Scribe
21/2/13

CSAP: Lemons
DOL 13

Read Mother to Son
Read and explicate Do Not go Gentle into the Good Night

steps of explication:

  1. look at the title
  2. Listen to the poem
  3. Read again and annotate


HW: write homonym poem-post to blog, bring in photograph, CSAP, grammar, writing conference, Post poem to Google Site- art poem
























2-21-13 Scribe Period 3, David Harrell

Hello everyone:
Today we introduced our new poetry assignment, the homonym poem. We also need to bring in a photograph for tomorrow printed off in color, preferably with a person in it. After that, we did our DOL punctuation and diagramming. Also, Smith has asked us to make our Google sites with our papers public so that she can view them. For the DOL test tomorrow, it is recommended that we study participles in our grammar packets. After that, we received a poem (Mother to Son, by Langston Hughes). We first looked at the title to determine its significance. On the first read of the poem, we are not supposed to pass any judgment about the poem, we are just supposed to read it in depth. After that, we annotated the poem and wrote down our thoughts in the margin. We then shared our thoughts with a partner. Next we pulled up a poem that was linked in her daily power point.We looked critically at this poem as well. Our HW is to bring in a photograph, and to write the homonym poems.

Homonym Poem

Brenda Hillman wrote a brilliant poem called"Cleave and Cleave" which examines these words that sound and can be spelled the same but have opposite meanings. I'd like you to think of two words that are homonyms but mean different things. , e.g. lie and lie, stone and stone, bear and bear, write and right. Here is a complete list. Think of an emotional situation in memory that these homonyms might speak to, then imagine yourself "encountering" each of these words separately, in concrete examples- e.g. you are writing your name on a blackboard as a child, over and over; the sun is spilling in the window, fading the slate as you write. you start to think about your "right" to be yourself, and you look at your self, the clothes you are wearing, your hands, etc...Then bring both words together at the poem's conclusion, like Hillman, who dramaticized the words' opposite meanings by ending with two strong sentences: You might say, e.g." I will write my name over and over on the glass." Then, "I will disappear: my right." This poem is taken from The Practice of Poetry by Behn and Twichell.

Wednesday, February 20, 2013

Smith Period 3, 2-20-13 David Harrell

Hello Everyone:
Today in class we received our DOL tests, grammar work sheets, and CSAP packets back. After that we shared some of the better Secret Poems that were posted on the blog. We then selected artwork to write our new Art Poems on. We are supposed to post them on smiths site, which can be located through Smith's blog. For more info on this assignment, click here. It is due Monday, and we are supposed to write a persuasive/seductive poem which we accomplished in class. Click the link to Smith's blog for addtional info on this assignment as well.
David Harrell

Artful Poetry

Our Google Site, to store all our poetry and paintings, is located here.  Make sure to create a page specifically for your piece of art and for your poem as well as the other poems that will be composed for that piece of art.

Finally, make sure to post your completed poem and your picture of piece of art by Monday.

Good luck!

Persuasive/ Seduction Poem

This is a poem where you are trying to convince somebody of something they don’t want to be convinced of. The poem is an argument, an attempt to persuade. Think about all the situations where you are trying to convince somebody of something: getting out of a ticket, getting mom or dad to not ground you for breaking curfew, getting a date with your dream girl/boy, getting mom or dad to give you more money, getting a teacher to let you turn in late work. As far as form, try to use couplets throughout your poem. Also think about rhetorical strategies such as Ethos, Pathos and Logos. Appeal to the ethics, emotions, and logic of the person you are trying to seduce or persuade. If you need some inspiration, try Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress". Good luck!

Tuesday, February 19, 2013

Scribe Period 3 Valentines Day

Hello Class!

!!Happy Valentine's Day!!
TODAY our essay is "due". By that I mean that the essay is technically due but Smith will not be checking until Tuesday. Today we also took our grammar test and handed in our CSAP packet. After we were done with our quiz we prepared for our upcoming poetry unit by playing Poetry Pictionary which turned out to be quite difficult!

Homework:
Write a secret on the blue notecard
We will be using it on Tuesday

Have a wonderful FOUR DAY WEEKEND!!

Scribe Period 3 2/19/13


 
    1.   New Seats! We got to pick our seating chart and will get to keep it if there are no issues.
 
    2.   Next we did the Monday and Tuesday work for this week’s grammar:
 
 
 
    3.   The blue note cards with a secret written on them were collected and redistributed to another person to write a poem about. The poem can be written in any style, and needs to be posted as a comment on the class blog by class tomorrow.
 
    4.   The rest of the class was work time for writing the poems.
 
    5.   Agenda for the day and homework can be found here.

Secret Poem

I am going to collect all of your secrets and redistribute them. With another person's secret, write a poem telling the story of that secret as if it were your own and addressing what you think about it. Play with form and structure. Remember, think about word choice and descriptions. Paint a picture in your reader's head. If you are stuck, you could even look back at the secret as if you were older and wiser. Good luck and be creative!

Monday, February 18, 2013

2-14-13 Period 5 Scribe

VALENTINE'S DAY!!!

Today we:

  • checked the links to our websites (which are due on Tuesday)
  • looked at the rubric for websites (choice between having it graded one on one with Smith, having a conference with Smith after it's graded, or having no conference but just the grade)
  • finished the two grammar sentences from this week
  • took grammar quiz
  • graded grammar quizzes
Today's agenda
HOMEWORK
  • write a secret on the BLUE note card (it has to be the blue note card, so don't lose it)
    • don't make it a secret that will embarrass you for the rest of your life
    • don't write your name on the note card
    • disguise your handwriting
  • website will be officially due on Tuesday 
    • make sure you have a header on the first page                                                                                                     

Wednesday, February 13, 2013

Scribe 2/13/13 Period 5

Hello Lovelies!

Today in class we had a sub, Mr. Rosenburg, because Mrs. Smith was home with a sick child. At the beginning of class, I skyped Mrs. Smith, and the class asked questions about the paper. The paper, previously set to be due tomorrow, is now technically due on Thursday. Although it will be graded on Tuesday, Mrs. Smith STRONGLY suggests that we finish it for tomorrow (Thursday) to have a long, relaxing, four-day weekend! The rest of the class period was mostly configured for work time!

Things to Remember:

  • CSAP (America the Beautiful) is due tomorrow!
  • DOL11 Quiz was set to be taken next Tuesday
  • COMPLETE PAPER & be creative! :)
  • Gabby, Zach, and Tony need to like their websites to Smith's webpage
  • Valentine's Day Tomorrow! (I love my classmates!)
Here is Smith's Slideshow

I hope y'all have a fantastic Thursday!



Scribe 02-13-13

Hey class!

Today was an AWESOME day in class, Mr.Rosenberg subbed as Smith was home with a sick kid. We had work time for our essays which are now due on TUESDAY! The grammar test, DOL 11, and America The Beautiful work is due tomorrow. Have a wondrous Wednesday!


Tuesday, February 12, 2013

Scribe Block 5: 2-12-13

Welcome to Mrs. Smith’s Block 5 Class

Homework:
         -Work on paper (tomorrow is last, in class work day)
            -CSAP packet is due Thursday

Grammar Work
Sentence One:
there are pretty flowers (in your garden) however they do not smell very good

Sentence Two:
(on friday february 11 2011) i auditioned (for the school play)

Grammar Key
            -Subject
            -Verb
            -(Prepositional Phrase)
            -OP
            -PA

Today in Class:
-We started off by doing the above grammar sentences
-Then Mr. Trotter, Ms. Hancock, and Mrs. Buchwald came in and helped edited our papers
-We worked on our papers for the rest of the day

Extra Notes:
-Mrs. Smith highly encourages us to come in and see her, or other English teachers for help
-Tomorrow is our last work day in class for our papers
-Remember we don’t have school Friday so DOL quiz and CSAP packet are due Thursday

Monday, February 11, 2013

Scribe - February 11, 2013 - Period 5

Hello everyone!
First of all, Happy Chinese New Year! (it was actually yesterday, but better late than never, right?)
So, the new grammar sentences for this week:

                           adv  lv   adj        n    prep  poss.  n   adv     pron.        hv   adv   lv      adv   adj   
                                                                   pron.                              
there are pretty flowers (in your garden) however they dont [do not] smell very good

                                  prep  N     |--------N-------| pron. av     prep  art  adj     n 
(on friday february 11 2011) i auditioned (for the school play)

I apologize if any of the markings are confusing. 
We were allowed to work on our papers for the rest of the hour. 

HOMEWORK:
America the Beautiful CSAP packet - due on Thursday, since we don't have school on Friday (yay!)
Paper - Tomorrow, teachers will be coming in to help edit our papers, but THEY WILL NOT EDIT THE WHOLE THING. You need to think of a specific section that you want to focus on. Don't forget that this paper is due on Thursday, February 14, 2013 (Valentine's Day) 

For further information, should you desire any, here is this week's powerpoint. 
Have a great day everyone! Only three more days until our four day weekend! You can do it! 

Scribe 2/11/13 Period 3



Today we got a new CSAP packet titled "America the Beautiful" it is due on Thursday (since we don't have school on Friday)

We need to create a focus question for tomorrow. When we edit with other teachers we need a focus question for what we want them to look at. THE TEACHERS WILL NOT LOOK AT YOUR WHOLE PAPER

By tomorrow you should also have the solution paragraph completed. Your conclusion should restate the thesis and review the points made, how you are going to solve, and tie back to the attention getter


Bad Words

  • contractions (don't can't won't)
  • personal words (I, you, me my)
  • generic terms (everybody, it, they, things, stuff)
  • If you ask questions, make sure you answer them
Other pieces to consider
  • do you have proper citations?
  • proper quotations, single double, both?
  • do you have lead ins?
Our new grammar sentences are: There are pretty flowers in the garden however they don't smell very good. AND on friday february 11 2011 i auditioned for the school play.

There-adverb
are-verb
pretty-adjective
flowers-noun
in-preposition
your-possessive pronoun
garden-noun
however-adverb
they-prounoun
dont-breadks down into do and not
do-helping verb
not-adverb
smell-linking verb
very-adverb
good-adjective

on-preposition
friday-proper noun
february 11 2011-proper noun
i-prounoun
auditioned-action verbs
for-preposition
the-article
school-adjective
play-noun

For the rest of the class we had time to work on out paper, remember to have you conclusion done for tomorrow!

Friday, February 8, 2013

Scribe 2/8/13 Period 5

The homework due Monday is to have

  • Intro
  • First Body
  • Second Body
  • Third Body
ALL done for class Monday.
Smith STRONGLY SUGGESTED completing and editing the whole paper by Monday because next week will be crazy.

In class today:
We collected the CSAP Packet and DOL Sentences and took the Grammar Quiz. 

Here are a few key points to remember about the paper:
  • Correct quotation formatting:
    • "Quote" (Source). 
  • When quoting dialogue, use ' within the ".
    • "Nate walked over and said, 'Hey!'" (Source).
  • NO
    • I
    • Your
    • You
    • Me
    • My
    • Our
    • We
    • Us
    • etc
The rest of class was  work time! 

Here's a motivational quote for the day:)
"The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched-they must be felt with the heart"
~Helen Keller

Scribe 2/8/2013 Period 3

Scribe 2/8/2013

Homework-

  • redo intro, 1 and 2
  • write 3
    • 3rd paragraph- where are we going?
  • Other things to do is write solution
Teachers will come in to edit our essays on Tuesday.
Today we collected our Csap and Grammar papers. We then took our grammar test.

Think about with your essay:

  • Don’t put periods inside the quotation. Are periods outside citation?
  • Put down who the person is, not just their name. Defining characteristics.
  • Italicize or underline, not both
  • Write out won’t, didn’t-will not, did not etc.
  • Why? piece
  • Lead-in
  • more setup for quotes, what is the situation?
  • transition
  • Make sure you have all your works cited
  • CITATIONS
  • NO PERSONAL WORDS OR CONTRACTIONS
  • Quotations never stand alone- lead in
  • Variety of sources- no less than 5! 8-9 is a good number

For the rest of the class we worked, and make sure to sign up to talk with Smith. Peer edit.

Thursday, February 7, 2013

Scribe Period 5


Period 5 Scribe

Vacation Update: 1 week until four-day weekend
Schedule:
Week 5 (this week): Regular week
Week 6: 4-day week
Week 7: 4-day week
Week 8: PLC week
Week 9: 4-day week
Week 10: TCAP week
Week 11: Warrior week
Spring Break
Week 12: Regular week
Week 13: PLC week
Week 14: Regular week
Week 15: Spring Pep Assembly (Friday)
Week 16: PLC week
Week 17: Yearbook Distributed (Monday)
Week 18: Regular week
Week 19: Finals


Scribe:
Mrs. Smith is back! She recommends having your introduction paragraph, your first body paragraph, and second body paragraph done tonight so the weekend can be spent on the third body paragraph (where we are going) and revising and editing the first three paragraphs.
Extra notes:
- make sure you cite all photos, videos, and quotes.
- it is a good idea to link your citation to the original source
- if you are using original material (i.e. they belong to you), make sure you cite that too! Mrs. Smith doesn’t want anyone else stealing your material.

CSAP: use literary vocabulary in final question

Grammar:
After a large argument regarding yesterday’s  decision on the types of sentences and clauses, the class finally decided that the first sentence (carla recited...) is one big independent clause- and a simple sentence.
(For diagrams, see Mrs. Smith and/or a classmate who was here today.)

For now, here are the final sentences (with punctuation and capitalization):

1. Carla looked at herself in the mirror and recited the poem “Fire and Ice”.

2. We saw A Midsummer Night’s Dream at the Buell Theater after we saw the play at A.H.S.



Mrs. Smith explained that when ending a sentence with an acronym, there is only one dot at the end of the sentence. Other explanations:
- An ellipsis (commonly known as “...”) has three dots when connecting two thoughts, or acting as a comma. When it has four dots (“....”) it is ending a sentence with the pause.
ex. If only... we could do grammar more often....


Essay Time!

We then divided into groups (brainstorming, writing, and peer editing) to work on our essays.

Homework:
- CSAP packet due tomorrow
- DOL due tomorrow (study for quiz)
- work on second body paragraph

Scribe-Period 3 - 2/7/13

CSAP
Softball
#38 - Written piece
  • Personal piece - how does it effect you
  • Example - First Line - Creates a picture in the readers head and sets the mood
  • Re-write the line that you are explaining

Grammar

2 Independent Clauses, Compound sentence:
(Carla looked at herself in the mirror) and (recited the poem "Fire and Ice.")
Rocket ship - 1 subject to 2 verbs
                              ______looked______________
                             /    al            \ at                         \in 
_Carla___l_____/     nl              \herself                  \_mirror_________
                 l          \     dl                                                      \the
                              \__ l Recited l poem (Fire and Ice)
                                                       \the

1 Independent Clause, 1 Dependent Clause, Complex Sentence (CX)
(We saw A Midsummer Nights' Dream at the Buell Theater,) (after we saw the play at AHS.)


___We    l     saw     l  A Midsummer Nights' Dream
               l     \ a                  \ at
                       \ f                  \ buell theater
                         \t                          \the
                           \e
                             \r
     We  l____saw                l   play
            l         \at                  l      \the
                        \_AHS

The rest of class time was used to either, write, proofread, or brainstorm.
Second Body Paragraph
Things to remember:

  • No personal words
  • No contractions
  • No hypothetical questions
  • No questions without answers
  • Citations
  • Lead-ins
  • Expand your vocabulary



Homework:
Redo Intro and 1st Paragraph (suggested)
Write 2nd Paragraph (suggested) 
CSAP-Softball (Due Tomorrow)
Grammar Test (Tomorrow)

Wednesday, February 6, 2013

Scribe per 5 2/6/13

Hey guys-

Today in class we had Ms. Souder for a sub. Class started out with taking attendance. Then we did grammar! :)

Sentence 1: carla looked at herself in the mirror and recited the poem fire and ice
1 independent clause, simple sentence. 

sentence 2: we saw a midsummer nights dream at the buell theater after we saw the play at ahs
1 independent clause, 1 dependent clause, complex sentence. 


After grammar, we peer-edited (if we wanted to) and started working on writing our first body paragraph that is due tomorrow.
Remember: no personal words, no contractions, no hypothetical questions, no questions without answers, citations, lead-ins, etc....and expand your vocabulary!

homework: First body paragraph due tomorrow! (Thursday). CSAP packet due Friday. If you're not caught up on your paper, CATCH UP! Paper is due one week from tomorrow!



Scribe-3rd Period-2/6/13


E9H Week 5
Grammar
DOL 9
Wednesday- Clauses and Sentence Types

Carla sentence: 2 Independent Clauses, Compound Sentence
We saw: 1 Independent Clause, 1 Dependent Clause, Complex Sentence

First Body Paragraph
Things to remember:
  • No personal words
  • No contractions
  • No hypothetical questions
  • No questions without answers
  • Citations
  • Lead-ins
  • Expand your vocabulary


You had the opportunity to peer edit the intro paragraph.
Almost the whole hour was given to us to work on the first body paragraph.


Homework:
CSAP: Softball - Due Friday
Finish First Body
Make Corrections to Introduction
Works Cited